超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊置管治疗老年化脓性胆囊炎伴胆囊积液

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊置管引流治疗化脓性胆囊炎伴胆囊积液的应用价值。方法:老年患者不能耐受手术或不愿手术治疗,胆囊颈部结石嵌顿引起的化脓性胆囊炎伴胆囊积液患者86例,在超声引导下,8F猪尾巴导管经皮经肝进行胆囊穿刺置管治疗。治疗后用超声进行随访观察,结合临床症状判断疗效。结果:在超声引导下,86例化脓性胆囊炎伴胆囊积液患者均成功进行胆囊穿刺置管引流冲洗治疗,患者症状明显改善,经治疗临床症状消失后出院,择期拔管。结论:超声引导下经皮经肝胆囊置管微创治疗是不能手术或不愿接受手术的化脓性胆囊炎伴胆囊积液患者的一种有效治疗方法。     

眼部常见疾病的超声诊断分析

目的:总结眼部常见疾病的超声表现,探讨超声对其的诊断价值。方法:对2009年6月～2010年6月来我院超声科行眼部超声检查(占位性病变经手术或病理学结果证实)的63例患者的资料进行回顾性分析,归纳总结了眼部常见疾病的二维超声(2D)、彩色多普勒(CDFI)及超声造影(CEUS)表现。结果:眼部疾病的超声图像在位置、形状、边界、声学特点及对周围组织的影响等方面具有特征性表现;超声造影能有效地显示出病灶内的血管及血流灌注情况。结论:超声对眼部常见病的诊断是一种简便、无创、经济且诊断符合率高的辅助影像学方法,具有较高的实际应用价值。     

Listening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neoconocephalus bivocatus</Emphasis> (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.     

Detection of ultrasonic cavitation based on low-frequency analysis of acoustic signal

The acoustic cavitation phenomenon constitutes a potential hazard in ultrasound diagnostics and therapy so that early and effective detection of cavitation is of great interest. However, cavitation might even bring a higher risk especially when an echocontrast agent based on microbubbles is used. The major goal of the present work was to develop a cavitation detection method based on increased level of cavitation noise in the range of low frequencies (about 1 Hz). This method was applied in vitro using a model of body fluid containing a model echocontrast agent, such as 5% solution of lyophilized egg albumin, which was sonicated by ultrasound disintegrator. Ultrasound signal evokes cavitation in microbubble suspension accompanied by a certain level of cavitation acoustic noise. The level of noise voltage increased in the frequency range of 0.1 to 2 Hz in the presence of cavitation. Hence, this method makes it possible to determine the value of cavitation threshold. In addition, we examined how the cavitation threshold is affected by temperature and viscosity. It was found that the cavitation threshold decreased with growing temperature while it increased with growing viscosity.     

超声引发抗肿瘤药物定时定量释放

研究超声对于高分子聚合物Pluronic P-105载药缓释系统的影响作用。方法配制不同浓度的P-105溶液,研究P-105溶胶-凝胶转化点及其影响因素。构建P-105载米托蒽醌水凝胶系统,将水凝胶暴露于不同频率与功率的超声波作用下,一定时间后,用PBS缓冲液冲洗水凝胶,根据缓冲液中米托蒽醌的紫外吸光值计算得出超声引发的药物的释放量。结果P-105的溶胶-凝胶转化点受P-105的浓度及外界环境温度的影响。在浓度低于26%的区域或较低温度时没有凝胶形成,浓度高于26%或者温度接近人体正常体温(或高于体温)时即为凝胶。P-105载药系统中药物的释放量与超声波的频率与功率有关,释放量随着超声功率增加而增加,随频率增加而降低。结论超声可以引发高分子聚合物Pluronic P-105载药系统的药物定时定量释放。     

超声波对猪胰脂肪酶催化活性影响的机理研究

猪胰脂肪酶(porcine pancreas Lipase,PPL)反应系统经适宜参数的超声波处理,催化活性提高了11.22%～24.42%。PPL经超声波处理后,其动力学参数Km和Vmax都变小,酶分子的紫外吸收光谱不变,荧光发射光谱不变。而酶分子经超声波处理后,其紫外差示光谱出现了明显的正峰或负峰。探讨了超声波影响PPL活性的作用机理。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in oxidative burst, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activation and Taxol production induced by low-energy ultrasound in Taxus yunnanensis cell suspension cultures

This work was to characterize the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in Taxus yunnanensis cells exposed to low-energy ultrasound (US) and the signal role of NO in elicitation of plant defense responses and secondary metabolite accumulation. The US sonication (3.5-55.6 mW/cm(3) at 40 kHz fixed frequency) for 2 min induced a rapid and dose-dependent NO production in the Taxus cell culture, which exhibited a biphasic time course, reaching the first plateau within 1.5 h and the second within 7 h after US sonication. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) potentiated US-induced H(2)O(2) production and cell death. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or scavenging NO by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxyde (PTIO) partially blocked the US-induced H(2)O(2) production and cell death. Moreover, the NO inhibitors suppressed US-induced activation of phenylalanine ammonium-lyase (PAL) and accumulation of diterpenoid taxanes (Taxol and baccatin III). These results suggest that NO plays a signal role in the US-induced responses and secondary metabolism activities in the Taxus cells.     

Ultrasonography: an important tool in captive breeding management in elephants and rhinoceroses

Nearly two decades ago, modern wildlife medicine started to gradually use the advantages of the non-invasive ultrasonography, which was already well established in human and classical veterinary medicine. For more than one decade now, the application of imaging ultrasound for reproductive assessments and as a supportive tool during assisted reproduction procedures such as artificial insemination (AI) in elephants and rhinoceroses has dramatically improved the breeding success in captive breeding programmes. The opportunity for identifying potential breeding candidates on the basis of their reproductive health status is widely used for natural mating or for AI, today. The longitudinal sonographic monitoring of pathological processes on the internal female genital tract allowed the identification of pathogenetic causes for the rapid infertility development in older nulliparous females. The factors causing temporary infertility in captive male elephants and rhinoceroses were also identified by the use of ultrasound. Today, ultrasonography is the golden standard for reproductive assessments in megavertebrates such as elephants and rhinoceroses in captive management settings and also in the wild.     

高频超声探查甲状腺结节内钙化的临床价值

目的：探讨甲状腺钙化在诊断和鉴别诊断甲状腺姑节中的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析经超声检查和手术病理证实的77例甲状腺结节患者的临床资料。结果：超声检查与病理对照分析显示：良性20例,结节性甲状腺肿18例,恶性56例,其中乳头状癌50例,乳头状增生1例。良性结节中超声声像图钙化多表现为均匀强回声光斑,光团或弧形光团,后方伴声影。恶性结节中钙化表现为“针尖样”、“砂粒样”、“点状”的微钙化,后方声影可有可无。结论：依据甲状腺结节内钙化的形态大小,可以鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性。     

First-in-human imaging using a MR-compatible e4D ultrasound probe for motion management of radiotherapy

PurposeRespiration-induced tumor or organ positional changes can impact the accuracy of external beam radiotherapy. Motion management strategies are used to account for these changes during treatment. The authors report on the development, testing, and first-in-human evaluation of an electronic 4D (e4D) MR-compatible ultrasound probe that was designed for hands-free operation in a MR and linear accelerator (LINAC) environment.MethodsUltrasound components were evaluated for MR compatibility. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was used to enclose the entire probe and a factory-fabricated cable shielded with copper braids was integrated into the probe. A series of simultaneous ultrasound and MR scans were acquired and analyzed in five healthy volunteers.ResultsThe ultrasound probe led to minor susceptibility artifacts in the MR images immediately proximal to the ultrasound probe at a depth of <10 mm. Ultrasound and MR-based motion traces that were derived by tracking the salient motion of endogenous target structures in the superior-inferior (SI) direction demonstrated good concordance (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.95–0.98) between the ultrasound and MRI datasets.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that our hands-free, e4D probe can acquire ultrasound images during a MR acquisition at frame rates of approximately 4 frames per second (fps) without impacting either the MR or ultrasound image quality. This use of this technology for interventional procedures (e.g. biopsies and drug delivery) and motion compensation during imaging are also being explored.